What is CPR?Â
CPR - or Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation - is an emergency lifesaving procedure performed when the heart stops beating. Immediate CPR can double or triple chances of survival after cardiac arrest (American Heart Association, 2025).Â
Why is CPR Important?
Keeping the blood flow active – even partially – extends the opportunity for a successful resuscitation once trained medical staff arrive on site (American Heart Association, 2025).Â
Recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency response system (calling 9-1-1 in the US)
Early CPR with an emphasis on chest compressions
Rapid defibrillation
Advanced resuscitation by Emergency Medical Services and other healthcare providers
Post-cardiac arrest care
Recovery (including additional treatment, observation, rehabilitation, and psychological support)
A strong Chain of Survival can improve chances of survival and recovery for victims of cardiac arrest.
(American Heart Association, 2025).Â
So, what's in our Code Carts and why do we use it?
Automated External Defibrillator (AED) with Pads
Suction (There is also two other suction devices NOT located on the code carts - one in the Isolation Room next to PACU 7, and one on the silver cart next to the blanket warmer in PACU).
Laryngoscopes (Mac and Miller Blades on both carts, as well as a Video-Laryngoscope on the code cart back near procedure rooms)
What is the difference between a Mac, Miller and Video Laryngoscope?
Mac: Has a curved design that follows the natural contour of the tongue and oropharynx. The tip of the Mac blade is positioned in the vallecula, allowing for indirect lifting of the epiglottis. This design is generally preferred for patients with normal airway anatomy and is easier for beginners to use due to its forgiving technique.Â
Miller: The Miller features a straight, elongated design with a curved tip. This design allows for direct elevation of the epiglottis, providing better visualization of the vocal cords, especially in patients with limited mouth opening or high larynx. It is particularly useful in pediatric patients and those with difficult airways.
Video: Enhances airway management by providing direct visualization, increasing intubation rates and facilitating better teamwork throughout procedures.Â
Saline Pressure Infuser
Ambu-Bag
CPR Back Board
Oxygen Tank
Sharps Container
Medications:
adenosine (brand: Adenocard)
Drug Class: antiarrhythmic
Indications: Helps restore normal heartbeats with certain heart rhythm disorders
Side effects: Shortness of breath, chest pain or tightness, seizures, lightheadedness, headache, numbness or tingling
amiodarone (brand: Cordarone, Nexterone)
Drug Class: antiarrhythmic
Indications: Used to prevent and treat certain types of serious (and life threatening) arrhythmias called Ventricular Fibrillation and Ventricular Tachycardia
Side Effects: N/V, lung problems, heart related problems, liver damage, hypotension
Aspirin (brand: Aspir 81, Aspir-Low, Bayer Plus)
Drug Class: Platelet aggregation inhibitors, Salicylates
Indications: Reducing substances in the body that cause pain, fever, inflammation
atropine (brand: AtroPen, Sal-Tropine, Atreza)
Drug Class: Anticholinergic
Indications: Treat serious or life-threatening condition such as noisy breathing, and cardiac arrest due to no ot low heartbeats
Side Effects: Problem urinating, new or worsening breathing problems, N/V, blurred vision, chest pain or pressure
Calcium Chloride
Drug Class: Minerals and electrolytes
Indications: Treatment of hypocalcemia
Side Effects: Tingling, calcium taste, sense of oppression or "heat wave"
dextrose (brand: D50W, DGlucose)
Drug Class: Glucose-elevating agents
Indications: Used to treat very low blood sugar; can also be used to treat hyperkalemia
Side Effects: Redness, confusion, fever, swelling in extremities, sweating, pale skin, pain or tenderness at injection site
diphenhydramine (brand: Benadryl)
Drug Class: antihistamine
Indications: Allergy, Insomnia, Motion sickness, Parkinsonism, Nausea
Side Effects: Drowsiness/tiredness, excitability, dizziness, GI upset, thickening of mucus in lungs
epinephrine (brand: Adrenalin)
Drug Class: Alpha/Beta Adrenergic Agonists
Indications: Emergency treatment of allergic reactions, hypotension associated with septic shock, cardiac arrest, respiratory distress due to bronchospasm and prolonging the action of anesthetics
Side Effects: Anxiety, nervousness, tremors, dizziness, weakness, sweating, headache, increased heartrate, pale skin, N/V
flumazenil (brand: Romazicon)
Drug Class: Antidote
Indications: Treat benzodiazepine overdose in adults ("I FLU fast in my mercedes BENZ")
Side Effects: Weak or shallow breathing, drowsiness, confusion, agitation, tremors, chest pain
furosemide (brand: Lasix, Furoscix)
Drug Class: Diuretics, Loop
Indications: Edemas associated with congestive heart failure (CHF), high blood pressure, liver cirrhosis and renal disease, including nephrotic syndrome
Side Effects: Increased urination, N/V, dizziness and confusion, blurred vision, muscle cramps or weakness, thirst and dry mouth
hydrocortisone (brand: Solu-Cortef)
Drug Class: Glucocorticoids
Indications: Used in the treatment of many different conditions like allergic disorders, skin conditions, ulcerative colitis, arthritis, lupus, multiple sclerosis or lung disorders. Can also replace steroids in people with adrenal insufficiency
Side Effects: Blurred vision, muscle weakness, joint pain, headaches, seizures, numbness or tingling, fluid retention, signs of infection
lidocaine (brand: Xylocaine HCL)
Drug Class: Group I antiarrhythmic, Local injectable anesthetics
Indications: Used to numb area of your body to help reduce pain or discomfort. Also used to treat irregular heart rhythms
Side Effects: Twitching, tremors, lightheadedness, slow heart rate, weak or shallow breathing, anxiety
naloxone (brand: Narcan)
Drug Class: Antidotes
Indications: Slowed breathing or no breathing, pinpoint pupils, slow heartbeats, extreme drowsiness, overdose
Side Effects: N/V, stomach pain, fever, sweating, tremors, nervousness, restlessness, irritability
Nitroglycerin (brand: nitrostat)
Drug Class: Antianginal agents, vasodilators
Indications: Used to treat a type of chest pain called angina
Side Effects: Throbbing headaches, slow heart rate, blurry vision, lightheadedness, heart attack symptoms
Sodium bicarbonate:
Drug Class: Alkalinizing Agents
Indications: Metabolic acidosis, urinary alkalinization, dyspepsia, hyperkalemia, cardiac arrest, DKA, rhabdomyolysis, and lactic acidosis
Side Effects: Increased thirst, stomach cramps, gas, bloating, weakness, severe headache, N/V, frequent urination, muscle pain, spasms, mood or mental changes, slow breathing
IV Supplies
Yellow Tags (used to reseal cart)
IV Fluids
Critical Care Drips
Ambu-Bag
Oropharyngeal Airways (OPAs)
Magil Forceps
Endotracheal Tubes
Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMAs)
Suction Supplies
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Electrodes
Batteries
Extra Drip Sets
IV Extension Sets
Extra AED Pads